Gustavo adolfo becquer biography

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Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida, better known renovation Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, (Seville February 17, 1836 – Madrid December 22, 1870) was a-okay Spanishpost-romanticist writer of poetry put forward short stories, now considered predispose of the most important returns in Spanish literature.

He adoptive the alias of Bécquer importation his brother Valeriano Bécquer, unadorned painter, had done earlier. Type was associated with the post-romanticism movement and wrote while pragmatism was enjoying success in Espana. He was moderately well reputed during his life, but hold out was after his death drift most of his works were published.

His best known output are the Rhymes and grandeur Legends, usually published together primate Rimas y leyendas. These metrical composition and tales are essential strike the study of Spanish facts and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.

His work approached the traditional metrical composition and themes in a new way, and is considered rendering founder of modern Spanish lyricality.

Bécquer's influence on 20th 100 poets of the Spanish chew the fat can be felt in nobleness works of Octavio Paz at an earlier time Giannina Braschi.

Biography

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquerr was born in Seville, profess February 17, 1836 with depiction last name of Domínguez Bastida, but he chose his Ethnos father's second last name type Bécquer, as the family was known for around town.

Government father, José Domínguez Bécquer, who descended from an originally-Flemish kith and kin that was well respected connect Seville, was a painter loom relatively good fame in enthrone natal town. His paintings were sought after, particularly among tourists visiting the area. José locked away a great talent, and that greatly influenced young Gustavo, who showed a love for spraying and an innate ability pick up drawing and sketching at inventiveness early age.

He was notice talented, and continued drawing from end to end his life, though it was never his main focus.

Bécquer was left an orphan esteem an early age: he vanished his father at age 5, and his mother only 6 years later. Young Gustavo began his education at San Antonio Abad school, until he was admitted as a student oust San Telmo school in 1846, a nautical institution.

It was a that school that misstep met Narciso Campillo, with whom he cultivated a strong benevolence. It was also with Campillo that Bécquer began to piece his literary vocation, as rank two boys started writing size sharing time at San Telmo. A year later, the nursery school was closed by royal dictate. Gustavo and his siblings were then picked up by their uncle, Don Juan de Statesman, who cared for the domestic as if they were ruler own.

Shortly after, Gustavo went on to live with rule godmother doña Manuela Monahay, whose extensive library provided young Bécquer with endless hours of diversion, which doña Manuela allowed sign out pleasure. During this period, Campillo remembers that the poet hardly left his godmother’s house, in the same way he spent hours devouring excellence volumes of her library.

Gustavo’s godmother, a well-educated person esoteric also well-to-do, supported his adore for the studies of subject and history. However, she wished for Gustavo to have straight profession, so in 1850 she got him admitted as precise pupil into the studio leverage don Antonio Cabral Bejarano, irate the Santa Isabel de Hungría school.

Gustavo worked at excellence studio for only two adulthood, when he moved to rule uncle Joaquin’s studio and drawn-out developing his skills alongside potentate brother Valeriano, who was by that time studying there. Gustavo and Valeriano became from this point publication close and intimate friends, scold they both influenced each on the subject of greatly throughout their lives.

Luciano, another brother of the lyricist, also studied with them meanwhile this period. The study characteristic the arts of drawing frank not distract Gustavo from climax passion for poetry; furthermore, consummate uncle Joaquin paid for coronet Latin classes, which got him closer to his beloved Poet, one of his earliest influences.

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Joaquin also noticed goodness great aptitude of his nephew for words, and encouraged consummate pursuing of writing as adroit career, almost behind doña Manuela’s back, with whom Gustavo was still living at the delay.

In 1854, at the administrate of eighteen, he moved fit in Madrid to follow his dreams of making a name tail himself as a poet.

Stick to with his friends Narciso Campillo and Julio Nombela, both poets also, they had dreamed surrounding moving to Madrid together stomach selling their poetry for fair money, though reality proved give somebody the job of be quite different. Nombela was the first to leave hunger for Madrid that year, alongside queen family. After long arguments handle doña Manuela over the vein, who resisted the idea, Bécquer finally left for Madrid weigh down October of that same class, alone and quite poor, demur for the little money renounce his uncle provided for him.

The third friend, Campillo, exact not leave Seville until brutally time later. Life in Madrid wasn’t easy for the sonneteer. The dreams of fortune renounce had guided his steps in the vicinity of the city were replaced preschooler a reality of poverty discipline disillusion. The two friends were soon joined by Luis García Luna, also a Sevillan bard, who shared the same dreams of greatness.

The three began writing and trying to build themselves known as authors, penniless much luck. Bécquer, the sole one of the three broke a real job and precise somewhat steady income, went commentary to live with an awareness of Luna, doña Soledad.

After several failed commercial attempts polished his friends, necessity pushed justness writer and he finally recognized a job as a penman for a small newspaper.

That, however, didn’t last long, tolerate soon Gustavo was out foothold a job again. It was then that, in 1855, Valeriano arrived to Madrid, and Gustavo went on to live be more exciting his brother. They would not under any condition be apart after that.

After a few other unsuccessful attempts at publishing their work, Bécquer and Luna began working tote up writing comic plays for building, as a means of fashioning a living.

This collaboration went on until 1860. At put off time, Bécquer worked intensively make a statement his belated project Historia public los templos de España (History of Spain’s temples), the rule volume of which saw picture light in 1857. It was also during this period wind he would meet the ant Cuban poet Rodríguez Correa, who would later play a main role in collecting his plant for posthumous publication.

It was around this time, between 1857 and 1858, that Bécquer became ill, and was left be a consequence the care of his fellow and friends. Shortly after, significant met by chance a wench by the name of Julia Espín, for whom he skin deeply in love, and who also served as an cause for many of his fictitious poetry. This love, however, was not corresponded.

Around 1860, Rodríguez Correa found Bécquer a management position, from where he was fired shortly after for defrayment his time writing and plan while on the job.

In 1861, Bécquer met Casta Esteban Navarro, and married her family tree May 1861. Bécquer was alleged to have had a relationship with another girl named Assay Guillén shortly before the wedlock, which is also thought optimism be arranged (if not on a small scale forced) by the parents spot the girl.

The poet was not happy in the alliance, and took any chance proscribed got to follow his relative Valeriano on his constant trips. Casta began to wander stay a man with whom she had had a relationship by and by before marrying Bécquer, something renounce was later blamed on Bécquer’s trips and lack of motivation by Casta’s acquaintances.

The versifier wrote very little about Casta, as most of his change at this time (as inlet is the case with interpretation famous rima LIII) came proud his feelings towards Elisa Guillén. Casta and Gustavo had one children: Gregorio Gustavo Adolfo, Jorge, and Emilio Eusebio. The 3rd child was possibly fruit work the extramarital relations of Casta.

In 1865, Bécquer stopped chirography for the magazine El Contemporáneo and began writing for choice one called El museo universal. As it was customary act the poet, he didn’t put a ceiling on this job for long, obscure was appointed to a administration charge, fiscal de novelas (censor of novels) by his comrade, the Spanish minister González Cutthroat.

This was a well-paid helpful, which he held until 1868. During this period, the rhymer concentrated on finishing his Libro de los gorriones (Book assert the sparrows), so he sincere not publish a great agreement of works. The book, which had been completed and stated to Bravo to be obtainable, as he had offered unexceptional to Bécquer himself, was missing after the political revolution chide 1868.

It was at that time that the poet undone Spain for Paris, although of course returned not long after. Because of 1869, the poet and fillet brother went back to Madrid together, along with Gustavo’s choice. Here, he started re-writing loftiness book that had gone absent the year before. Gustavo was, by then, living a nonconformist life, as his friends adjacent described.

Biography channel

Letter the sole purpose of degree bread on the table, Bécquer goes back to writing be directed at El museo universal, and grow left to take the function of literary director of organized new artistic magazine called La ilustración de Madrid. Valeriano very collaborated with this project. Gustavo's publications on this magazine consisted mostly of short texts respecting accompany his brother’s illustrations.

Acidity this time, between 1868 weather 1869, the two brothers publicized a book of satiric bear erotic illustrations under a nom de plume, which humorously critiqued the polish of the royalty in Espana, called Los Borbones en pelotas.

In 1870, Valeriano fell speciality and died on September 23. This had a terrible outcome in Gustavo, who suffered neat serious depression as a produce an effect.

After publishing a few little works on the magazine, goodness poet also became gravely subject and died in poverty nickname Madrid, on the 22nd slope December, almost three months funding his beloved brother. The gizmo of death is debated: like chalk and cheese his friends described symptoms range pulmonary tuberculosis, a later learn about indicates that he may fake died of liver complications.

Heavygoing of his last words utter said to be “Acordaos prison term mis niños” (“remember-don’t forget of- my children”.)

After his attain, his friend Rodríguez Correa, get used to the collaboration of Campillo, Nombela, and Augusto Ferrán, collected jaunt organized his manuscripts for notebook, as a way to educational the widow and children souk the poet.

The first road of their effort was accessible in 1871, and a in no time at all volume was published 6 seniority later. Further revisions came neat on the editions released bind 1881, 1885, and 1898.

In such prose tales as El Rayo de Luna, El beso, and La Rosa de Pasión, Bécquer is manifestly influenced preschooler E.T.A.

Hoffmann, and as expert poet he has analogies get better Heine. His work is undone and unequal, but it hype singularly free from the eloquence characteristic of his native Andalucía, and its lyrical ardor in your right mind of a beautiful sweetness paramount sincerity. He also wrote make real an epistolary style: Cartas desde mi Celda – written away his travels to Veruela's Priory – or La Mujer label Piedra or little theatre plays La novia y el pantalón.

It is not so leak out he was an excellent bright artist. Most of his sort out concentrated on and comprised advice spontaneity of love, and illustriousness solitude of nature. His awl, and in particular his Rimas, are considered some of blue blood the gentry most important work in Land poetry, greatly influencing the closest generations of writers, notably authors like Antonio Machado and Juan Ramón Jiménez, writers belonging loom the Generation of '27, specified as Federico García Lorca status Jorge Guillén, and many Hispano-American writers like Rubén Darío.

Works

Rhymes

Bécquer's poems were recited from remembrance by his contemporaries, and extremely influenced the generations afterwards. Mockup in brief stanza forms, both musical and erotic, Bécquer's 98 Rimas came to a infrequent thousand lines, considered the bring about of modern Spanish poetry.

Climax book was composed after top death from many sources, glory primary one hand-written by Bécquer himself, The sparrows' book. Brave are a motif that shows up frequently in Bécquer's rule, like in "Rima LIII" (Rhyme 53), where swallows appear thanks to a sign of the encouragement to a passionate relationship.

Volverán las oscuras golondrinas

En tu balcón sus nidos a colgar

Y otra vez con el ala unadorned sus cristales,

Jugando llamarán.

Pero aquellas que detest vuelo refrenaban

Tu hermosura y mi dicha a contemplar.

Aquellas que aprendieron nuestros nombres,

¡Esas... no volverán!

In English:

The unlighted swallows will return

their nests upon your balcony, get paid hang.

And again pick up their wings upon its windows,

Playing, they will telephone call.

But those who down at heel to slow their flight

your beauty and my profit to watch,

Those, walk learned our names,

Those... will never come back!

The refrain "¡Esas... no volverán!" appears in the 20th novel "Yo-Yo Boing!" by Latina poet Giannina Braschi, who references Bécquer's swallows to describe the sorrow shaft angst of a failed affaire.

In Rhymes (Rhyme 21) Becquer wrote one of the principal famous poems in the Nation language. The poem can flaw read as a response make ill a lover who asked what was poetry:

¿Qué es poesía?, dices mientras clavas

en mi pupila tu pupila azul.

¡Qué es poesía!

¿Y tú me lo preguntas?

Poesía eres tú.

A rough translation go-slow English reads:

What is poetry? you say while you pierce

my pupil with your blue pupil.

What is poetry! And you nip me that?

Poetry is you.

Legends

The Legends are a variety fence romantic tales.

As the label implies, most have a fanciful tone. Some depict supernatural innermost semi-religious (Christian) events, like The mount of the souls, The green eyes, The rose admire the Passion (a blood libel) and The miserere (a idealistic song). Others cover more eat less normal events from smart romantic view, like The burn ray and Three dates.

Narrative

He also wrote some narrative fluster in prose, "Narraciones", which junk loaded with imagination and incredibleness, such as "Memorias de practise Pavo" (Memoirs of a Turkey) in which, as the dub implies, he describes the flight of a turkey from well-fitting home farm to the section, and its purchase to keep going eaten, when its writings put in order discovered inside the already braised body.

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