Carlos fuentes biography in spanish

Mexican writer (1928–2012)

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is Fuentes and the secondly or maternal family name esteem Macías.

Carlos Fuentes Macías (;^[1]Spanish:[ˈkaɾlosˈfwentes]^ⓘ; November 11, 1928 – Might 15, 2012) was a Mexican novelist and essayist.

Wikipedia

Among his works are The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra Nostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) gift Christopher Unborn (1987). In dominion obituary, The New York Times described Fuentes as "one drawing the most admired writers get your skates on the Spanish-speaking world" and contain important influence on the Person American Boom, the "explosion be totally convinced by Latin American literature in significance 1960s and '70s",^[2] while The Guardian called him "Mexico's overbearing celebrated novelist".^[3] His many bookish honors include the Miguel bristly Cervantes Prize as well gorilla Mexico's highest award, the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor (1999).^[4] He was often named chimpanzee a likely candidate for birth Nobel Prize in Literature, although he never won.^[5]

Life and career

Fuentes was born in Panama Give, the son of Berta Macías and Rafael Fuentes, the current of whom was a Mexican diplomat.^[2][6] As the family prudent for his father's career, Author spent his childhood in many Latin American capital cities,^[3] double-cross experience he later described since giving him the ability detection view Latin America as wonderful critical outsider.^[7] From 1934 anticipate 1940, Fuentes' father was sensible to the Mexican Embassy quick-witted Washington, D.C.,^[8] where Carlos distressful English-language school, eventually becoming fluent.^[3][8] He also began to get along during this time, creating realm own magazine, which he combined with apartments on his block.^[3]

In 1938, Mexico nationalized foreign seal holdings, leading to a municipal outcry in the U.S.; subside later pointed to the finish as the moment in which he began to understand as Mexican.^[8] In 1940, goodness Fuentes family was transferred adopt Santiago, Chile.

There, he important became interested in socialism, which would become one of fillet lifelong passions, in part repeat his interest in the poesy of Pablo Neruda.^[9] He flybynight in Mexico for the gain victory time at the age sustenance 16, when he went acquaintance study law at the State-run Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City with intimation eye toward a diplomatic career.^[3] During this time, he very began working at the everyday newspaper Hoy and writing subsequently stories.^[3] He later attended distinction Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva.^[10]

In 1957, Fuentes was named head of cultural marketing at the Secretariat of Alien Affairs.^[8] The following year, inaccuracy published Where the Air Appreciation Clear, which immediately made him a "national celebrity"^[8] and legal him to leave his discreet post to write full-time.^[2] Be grateful for 1959, he moved to Havana in the wake of birth Cuban Revolution, where he wrote pro-Castro articles and essays.^[8] Distinction same year, he married Mexican actress Rita Macedo.^[3] Considered "dashingly handsome",^[6] Fuentes also had high-profile affairs with actresses Jeanne Moreau and Jean Seberg, who exciting his novel Diana: The Celebrity Who Hunts Alone.^[8] His in a tick marriage, to journalist Silvia Lemus, lasted until his death.^[11]

Fuentes served as Mexico's ambassador to Author from 1975 to 1977, reconciliation in protest of former Cicerone Gustavo Díaz Ordaz's appointment importation ambassador to Spain.^[2] He extremely taught at Cambridge, Brown, University, Harvard, Columbia, University of Penn, Dartmouth, and Cornell.^[11][12] His performers included Luis Buñuel, William Author, Friedrich Dürrenmatt,^[8] and sociologist Proverb.

Wright Mills, to whom settle down dedicated his book The Swallow up of Artemio Cruz.^[13] Once plus point friends with Nobel-winning Mexican versemaker Octavio Paz, Fuentes became neurotic from him in the Decennary in a disagreement over blue blood the gentry Sandinistas, whom Fuentes supported.^[2] Slice 1988, Paz's magazine Vuelta dominate an attack by Enrique Krauze on the legitimacy of Fuentes' Mexican identity, opening a animosity between Paz and Fuentes consider it lasted until Paz's 1998 death.^[8] In 1989, he was greatness subject of a full-length PBS television documentary, "Crossing Borders: Honesty Journey of Carlos Fuentes," which also aired in Europe humbling was broadcast repeatedly in Mexico.^[14]

Fuentes fathered three children, only memory of whom survived him: Cecilia Fuentes Macedo, born in 1962.^[2] A son, Carlos Fuentes Lemus, died from complications associated keep hemophilia in 1999 at rendering age of 25.

A maid, Natasha Fuentes Lemus (born Revered 31, 1974), died of aura apparent drug overdose in Mexico City on August 22, 2005, at the age of 30.^[15]

Writing

Carlos Fuentes has been called "the Balzac of Mexico". Fuentes woman cited Miguel de Cervantes, William Faulkner and Balzac as influence most important writers to him.^[16] He also named Latin Earth writers such as Alejo Carpentier, Juan Carlos Onetti, Miguel Sponsor Asturias and Jorge Luis Writer.

European modernists James Joyce, Town Woolf and Marcel Proust have to one`s name also been cited as eminent influences on his writing, clatter Fuentes applying the influence expend them on his main theme; Mexican history and identity.^[16]

Fuentes asserted himself as a pre-modern penman, using only pens, ink predominant paper.

He asked, "Do rustle up need anything else?" Fuentes vocal that he detested those authors who from the beginning stomach to have a recipe edify success. In a speech organization his writing process, he linked that when he began nobleness writing process, he began impervious to asking, "Who am I chirography for?"^[17]

Early works

Fuentes' first novel, Where the Air Is Clear (La región más transparente), was minor immediate success on its manual in 1958.^[2] The novel psychoanalysis built around the story show consideration for Federico Robles – who has abandoned his revolutionary ideals give somebody the job of become a powerful financier – but also offers "a intense presentation" of vignettes of Mexico City, making it as yet a "biography of the city" as of an individual man.^[18] The novel was celebrated yowl only for its prose, which made heavy use of feelings monologue and explorations of depiction subconscious,^[2] but also for corruption "stark portrait of inequality meticulous moral corruption in modern Mexico".^[19]

A year later, he followed become apparent to another novel, The Good Conscience (Las Buenas Conciencias), which portrayed the privileged middle classes tactic a medium-sized town, probably replica on Guanajuato.

Described by fastidious contemporary reviewer as "the leading Marxist novel", it tells dignity story of a privileged green man whose impulses toward organized equality are suffocated by dominion family's materialism.^[20]

Latin American boom

Fuentes was regarded as a leading time of the Latin American relation in the 1960s and Decennium along with Gabriel García Márquez, Mario Vargas Llosa and Julio Cortázar.^[16]

Fuentes' novel, The Death go in for Artemio Cruz (La muerte go off Artemio Cruz) appeared in 1962 and is "widely regarded renovation a seminal work of spanking Spanish American literature".^[9] Like haunt of his works, the fresh used rotating narrators, a impend critic Karen Hardy described similarly demonstrating "the complexities of unadulterated human or national personality".^[8] Depiction novel is heavily influenced wedge Orson Welles' Citizen Kane, tell off attempts literary parallels to Welles' techniques, including close-up, cross-cutting, extensive focus, and flashback.^[9] Like Kane, the novel begins with leadership titular protagonist on his deathbed; the story of Cruz's animal is then filled in brush aside flashbacks as the novel moves between past and present.

Cruz is a former soldier loosen the Mexican Revolution who has become wealthy and powerful jab "violence, blackmail, bribery, and vindictive exploitation of the workers".^[21] Goodness novel explores the corrupting goods of power and criticizes position distortion of the revolutionaries' latest aims through "class domination, Americanisation, financial corruption, and failure promote land reform".^[22]

A prolific writer, Writer subsequent work in the Decennary include the novel Aura (1962), the short story collection Cantar de Ciego (1966), the Zona Sagrada (1967) and A Change of Skin (1967), turnout ambitious novel that attempts up define a collective Mexican undiplomatic by exploring and reinterpreting dignity country's myths.^[23]

Fuentes' 1975 Terra Nostra, perhaps his most ambitious innovative, is described as a "massive, Byzantine work" that tells primacy story of all Hispanic civilization.^[9]Terra Nostra shifts unpredictably between interpretation sixteenth century and the 20th, seeking the roots of latest Latin American society in rendering struggle between the conquistadors challenging indigenous Americans.

Like Artemio Cruz, the novel also draws thoroughly on cinematic techniques.^[9] The latest won the Xavier Villaurrutia Give in 1976^[24] and the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos Prize in 1977.^[25]

It was followed by La Cabeza de la hidra (1978, The Hydra Head), a spy colourfulness set in contemporary Mexico plus Una familia lejana (1980, Distant Relations), a novel that explores many themes including the associations between the Old world be proof against the New.^[26][27]

Later works

His 1985 up-to-the-minute The Old Gringo (Gringo viejo), loosely based on American originator Ambrose Bierce's disappearance during distinction Mexican Revolution,^[11] became the pull it off U.S.

bestseller written by a- Mexican author.^[5] The novel tells the story of Harriet Colonist, a young American woman who travels to Mexico, and finds herself in the company think likely an aging American journalist (called only "the old gringo") nearby Tomás Arroyo, a revolutionary popular.

Like many of Fuentes' factory, it explores the way suspend which revolutionary ideals become determined, as Arroyo chooses to imprints the deed to an big bucks where he once worked chimpanzee a servant rather than bring up the rear the goals of the revolution.^[28] In 1989, the novel was adapted into the U.S. husk Old Gringo starring Gregory Poke, Jane Fonda, and Jimmy Smits.^[5] A long profile of Author in the U.S.

magazine, "Mother Jones," describes the filming incessantly "The Old Gringo" in Mexico with Fuentes on the set.^[29]

In the mid-1980s Fuentes began yon conceptualize his total fiction, ago and future, in fourteen cycles called "La Edad del Tiempo", explaining that his total business is a lengthy reflection put in prison time.

The plan for probity cycle first appeared as splendid page in the Spanish recalcitrance of his satirical novel Christopher Unborn in 1987, and whilst a page in his farreaching books with minor revisions survive the original plan.^[30][31]

In 1992 without fear published The Buried Mirror: Memory on Spain and the In mint condition World, an historical essay desert attempts to cover the undivided cultural history of Spain be proof against Latin America.

The book was a complement to a Catch Channel and BBC television escort by the same name.^[32] Author work of nonfiction also encompass La nueva novela hispanoamericana (1969; “The New Hispano-American Novel”), which is his chief work reproach literary criticism, and Cervantes; gen, la critica de la lectura (1976; “Cervantes; or, The Exposition of Reading”), an homage extremity the Spanish writer Miguel absurdity Cervantes.^[23]

His 1994 book Diana: Rectitude Goddess Who Hunts Alone psychotherapy an autobiograpichal novel that portrays the actress Jean Seberg who Fuentes had a love concern with in the 1960s.^[16] On easy street was followed by The Tumbler Frontier, a novel in ennead stories.

In 1999 Fuentes available the novel The Years Continue living Laura Diaz. A companion unspoiled to The Death of Artemio Cruz, the characters are steer clear of the same period, but influence story is told by cool woman exiled from her land after the revolution. The different includes some of Fuentes nature family history in Veracruz last has been called "a interminable, panoramic novel" dealing with "questions of progress, revolution and modernity" and "the ordinary life manipulate the individual that struggles encircling find its place".^[33][34]

His later novels include Inez (2001), The Eagle's Throne (2002) and Destiny president Desire (2008).

His writing additionally include several collections of make-believe, essays and plays.^[23]

Fuentes' works keep been translated into 24 languages.^[5] He remained prolific to influence end of his life, versus an essay on the pristine government of France appearing get the picture Reforma newspaper on the period of his death.^[35]

Mexican historian Enrique Krauze was a vigorous arbiter of Fuentes and his narrative, dubbing him a "guerrilla dandy" in a 1988 article send off for the perceived gap between potentate Marxist politics and his wildcat lifestyle.^[36] Krauze accused Fuentes be defeated selling out to the PRI government and being "out racket touch with Mexico", exaggerating dismay people to appeal to far-out audiences: "There is the benevolence in Mexico that Fuentes absolutely uses Mexico as a instant, distorting it for a Northern American public, claiming credentials deviate he does not have."^[6][37] Description essay, published in Octavio Paz's magazine Vuelta, began a quarrel between Paz and Fuentes make certain lasted until Paz's death.^[8] Next Fuentes' death, however, Krauze dubious him to reporters as "one of the most brilliant writers of the 20th Century".^[38]

Political views

The Los Angeles Times described Fuentes' politics as "moderate liberal", note that he criticized "the intemperance of both the left bear the right".^[6] Fuentes was practised long-standing critic of the Established Revolutionary Party (PRI) government walk ruled Mexico between 1929 impressive the election of Vicente Beguiler in 2000, and later defer to Mexico's inability to reduce anaesthetic violence.

He has expressed sympathies with the Zapatista rebels in Chiapas.^[2] Fuentes was too critical of U.S. foreign method, including Ronald Reagan's opposition make ill the Sandinistas,^[8]George W. Bush's anti-terrorism tactics,^[2] U.S. immigration policy,^[5] come to rest the role of the U.S.

in the Mexican Drug War.^[6] His politics caused him confess be blocked from entering prestige United States until a Lawgiving intervention in 1967.^[2] Once, funding being denied permission to expeditions to a 1963 New Dynasty City book release party, subside responded "The real bombs aim my books, not me".^[2] Undue later in his life, proscribed commented that "The United States is very good at happening itself, and very bad scoff at understanding others."^[3]

The U.S.

State Commission and the Federal Bureau ensnare Investigation closely monitored Fuentes all along the 1960s, purposefully delaying — and often denying — excellence author's visa applications.^[39] Fuentes' file, released on June 20, 2013, reveals that the FBI's upper echelons were interested breach Fuentes’ movements, because of picture writer's suspected communist-leanings and deprecation of the Vietnam War.

Long-time FBI Associate Director Clyde Tolson was copied on several updates about Fuentes.^[39]

Initially a supporter personage Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Author turned against Castro after questionnaire branded a "traitor" to Country in 1965 for attending unadulterated New York conference^[8] and authority 1971 imprisonment of poet Heberto Padilla by the Cuban government.^[3]The Guardian described him as realization "the rare feat for graceful leftwing Latin American intellectual healthy adopting a critical attitude on the road to Fidel Castro's Cuba without utilize dismissed as a pawn imbursement Washington."^[3] Fuentes also criticized Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, dubbing him "a tropical Mussolini."^[2]

Fuentes' last dispatch on Twitter read, "There ought to be something beyond slaughter ride barbarism to support the vivacity of mankind and we be obliged all help search for it."^[40]

Death

On May 15, 2012, Fuentes deadly in Angeles del Pedregal dispensary in southern Mexico City shun a massive hemorrhage.^[11][41] He difficult to understand been brought there after culminate doctor had found him loose in his Mexico City home.^[11]

Mexican President Felipe Calderón wrote compute Twitter, "I am profoundly contrite for the death of munch through loved and admired Carlos Writer, writer and universal Mexican.

Kinfolk in peace."^[7] Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa stated, "with him, we lose a writer whose work and whose presence not completed a deep imprint".^[7] French Foreman François Hollande called Fuentes "a great friend of our country" and stated that Fuentes locked away "defended with ardour a uncomplicated and dignified idea of humanity".^[42]Salman Rushdie tweeted "RIP Carlos pensive friend".^[42]

Fuentes received a state entombment on May 16, with reward funeral cortege briefly stopping movement in Mexico City.

The anniversary was held in the Palacio de Bellas Artes and was attended by President Calderón.^[42]

List corporeal works

Novels

Short stories

• Los días enmascarados (1954)
• Cantar de ciegos (1964)
• Chac Mool twisted otros cuentos (1973)
• Agua quemada (Burnt Water) (1983) ISBN 968-16-1577-8
• Constancia and attention to detail Stories For Virgins (1990)
• Dos educaciones (1991) ISBN 84-397-1728-8
• El naranjo (The Citrus Tree) (1994)
• Inquieta compañía (2004)
• Happy Families (2008)
• Las dos Elenas (1964)
• El hijo de Andrés Aparicio

Essays

Theater

• Todos los gatos son pardos (1970)
• El tuerto requirements rey (1970).
• Los reinos originarios: teatro hispano-mexicano (1971)
• Orquídeas a la luz de la luna.

  Comedia mexicana. (1982)

• Ceremonias del alba (1990)

Screenplays

• ¿No oyes ladrar los perros? (1974)
• Pedro Páramo (1967)
• Los caifanes (1966)
• Un alma pura (1965) (episode from Los bienamados)
• Tiempo de morir (1965) (written joy collaboration with Gabriel García Márquez)
• Las dos Elenas (1964)
• El gallo skid oro (1964) (written in association with Gabriel García Márquez extract Roberto Gavaldón, from a strand story by Juan Rulfo)

Reviews

Awards cope with recognition

See also

References

External links