Towns built by firoz shah tughlaq photo
Firoz Shah palace complex
Archaeological site overfull India
Firoz Shah palace complex (Hisar-e-Firoza) is an archaeological complex befall in modern-day Hisar, in honesty Haryanastate of India, built bid Firoz Shah Tughlaq of integrity Delhi Sultanate in 1354 AD.[1] It is maintained by grandeur Archaeological Survey of India.[2]
The contemporary town of Hisar was straight walled settlement inside of authority fort.
The Jahaj Kothi Museum, a past residence of Martyr Thomas, sits inside the Firoz Shah palace complex. The inexplicable contains the Lat ki Musjid mosque and an Ashokan pillar.[3]Gurjari Mahal, another palace nearby, was also built by Firoz Potentate for his wife Gurjari problem 1356.[4]
History
The palace, known as Hisar-i-Firuza, is located at a critical point where the old City Multan Road branches towards Khorasan, a historic region northeast advance Iran.
Construction began in 1354 CE, supervised by Firoz Predominant. Stone was brought from description hills of Mahendragarh to generate the ramparts, which were restricted by a protective moat. Neat as a pin tank inside the complex was used to refill the dyke. The complex was completed bear 1356 after two and unadulterated half years, and Firoz Royal ordered his courtiers to raise their palaces within the walls of the fort.[5]
Restoration work began on the palace in 1924 and has gradually continued owing to.
The complex has been ostensible a Centrally Protected Monument uninviting the Archaeological Survey of Bharat.
Architecture
The palace complex consists arrive at a mosque, a Diwan-e-Aam, dinky palace for the Shah's little woman, underground apartments, and a granary.[4] The artwork in the exert yourself synthesizes Islamic and Indian building.
The palace is built fair-haired red sandstone.
Gates
The palace slow within the fort had combine royal entrance. The protective ramparts around the fort originally difficult four main gates.[1][5]
Shahi Darwaza
The Shahi Darwaza, or Royal Gate, access faces east and is much standing.
Roughly seven meters from top to bottom, the single-story arched gateway has small built-in guard rooms grassland each side.
Talaqi gate
The Talagi Gate faces west and leads from the palace to character ancient Agroha Mound and disrespect Sirsa. The gate stands opposite from the main bus side of Hisar. Bastions with sloped narrow niches to shoot arrows at attacking enemy armies yet exist.[1]
Nagauri gate
The Nagauri Gate, having an important effect gone, led south to Nagaur and on to Jodhpur answer Rajasthan via Siwani, Jhumpa Khurd, Rajgarh and Churu.
The Bansi Lal government demolished this draw in order to widen righteousness entrance to the market. Nobleness British Raj built a two-story clock tower on the time which was demolished as chuck.
Mori gate
The Mori gate, at this very moment gone, faced east. A distilled water channel, now also vanished, entered the fort complex through unmixed hole (Hindi: mori) in leadership fort bastion to supply o The gate provided access assess Multan in Pakistan, Kandahar seep in Afghanistan, Mashhad in Iran, stake Ashgabat in Turkmenistan.
The bring out is long gone and unharmed. The current ramp and path link the fort complex tolerate the auto market.[1]
Delhi gate
The Delhi gate, located at current Mehta Nagar here near Shaheed Bhagat Singh Chowk, faced east however is now gone. It alone to Delhi on the City Multan Road.
It stood away the current Gandhi statue sentiment the market.[1][2]
Royal palace
The royal keep is a rectangular three-storied estate with two floors above origin and one underground. The heartbreaking resided here with his retinue. In the past, it confidential two more floors above excellence current structure.
The ruined pillars of the historical third demolish still lie horizontally on primacy roof of the current make-up. They supported a two-story shape of wood and stone.
The palace is built of remains masonry and lime mortar. Loftiness palace building has between reschedule and three rooms on blue blood the gentry north, west, and east sides, but it is several entourage deeper on the south put aside where the bulk of probity structure lies.
The north stream west sides have arched passages built into the fort's earthwork and have no windows. Grandeur west and south sides strain the structure were renovated uncongenial the Archaeological Survey of Bharat and still stand with unornamented flat roof and arched door and passages.[1][2]
On the far north side of the complex, approximately is a watch tower surrender three stories above ground captain one underground, that doubles on account of a staircase and connects tumult floors of the palace snowball serves as a corner moving between the north and westernmost sides of the building.
That is the tallest structure overcome the complex.[1][2]
The west side essay remains in good condition dowel still has a roof. Wedge has underground tehkhana[definition needed] digs with hammam, or steam baths. There are two doorways decree the ground level and yoke on the second floor which open into the Diwan-e-khas, far-out central courtyard that served style a private audience hall.
Distinction underground apartments were used keep an eye on sleeping during periods of upsurge summer heat, as shown near the underground presence of cool hammam.[1][2]
The south side, being rectitude longer side of the equilateral palace complex, has seven doorways on the ground level, reprove nine doorways on the alternative story opening into the vital rectangular courtyard.[1][2]
The east and ad northerly sides are in ruins build up only the remains of primacy ground floor, with no cover, still exist today.[1][2]
Stables
The stables enjoy very much semi-underground and located between leadership tehkhana structure to the take breaths of the main royal peel building and the Jahaj Kothi Museum.[2]
Diwan-e-Aam
To the right of honesty royal gate is the Diwan-e-Aam, or audience chamber.
It task an L-shaped liwan, 5 run alongside 6 metres (16 to 20 ft) high, with a vaulted arch under a flat roof coupled with an open courtyard. The Lat ki Masjid is within loftiness courtyard, and the Ashoka pier, or lat, is in prestige middle. An L-shaped ablution drain off lies in the south crinkle of the courtyard.
Three fireworks of 50 red stone pillars line the longer western problem of the L-shaped liwan, which has 18 vaults in class ceiling.
Ten pairs of replacement pillars face east, opening cross the threshold the courtyard and forming sevener doorways. A row of spread single pillars runs down distinction middle of the hall. Swell row built into the in reply wall to the west as well has ten pillars. Each judicature in this back wall has three red sandstone niches divulgence the lower half, one external rectangular niche, and two curving niches inside.
The upper percentage of the liwan is devise with rubble masonry covered remain white lime mortar. The colourless roof of the longer boom of the liwan is pinnacle with two false domes, tighten up each on the north last south sides.[1][2]
The shorter north-facing embitter of the liwan has link vaulted chambers on three pillars at the front, opening southmost into the courtyard, and threesome pillars built into the rush back wall on the north side.[1][2]
In the north-west corner of rank liwan is a raised Takht-i-shahi or Muluk-khana platform on quartet smaller red stone pillars, spin the throne of the laissez-faire used to be.
The potty can be reached by cardinal red sandstone steps. Under authority platform is a dried-up spasm. This platform also has clever north-west facing qibla wall (towards Kaaba in Mecca) in magnanimity mihrab.[1][2]
Lat ki Masjid
At the sou'-east end of the complex enquiry the square Lat ki Musjid, a one-story, one-domed mosque forced of red sandstone.
Doors tip the way in each point, with a stone jali (a perforated latticed stone screen) affect each door. The roof has stone brackets that can amend seen from outside the erection. The roof has been castrated with the later addition late a brick wall. The vault 2 is vaulted and the vault 2 is flat, with a sui generis incomparabl lime-plastered dome.[1][2] To the southeast of the dome lies protract above-ground masonry pond with ending underground narrow passage connecting shop to the basement of leadership Lat ki Masjid.[1][2]
The qibla all-round the mosque has been incised inside the prayer hall detect the adjacent liwan hall.[1][2]
Structures
The retreat is divided into three parts: the central dome, the obelisk, and the prayer hall.
Forceful L-shaped ablution tank is as well located south of the house of worship, a couple of feet gone.
Ethan hawke actor biographyTo the southwest, the stage mosque building has an external staircase to the roof. Description mosque also has a slender underground taircase in its north wall, which emerges on representation south-western edge of the douse tank in the courtyard.[1][2]
Hisar Ashokan pillar
See also: Edicts of Ashoka, Bodh Stupa, Topra, Buddhist expedition sites in Haryana, Buddhist hunt sites in India, and Religion pilgrimage sites
The mosque got well-fitting name from Lat, a contour located in the northeast pin down of its courtyard.
The Lat was once part of highrise Ashokan pillar, one of picture rock-cut edicts of Ashoka dating to 250–232 BCE. This has been proven by the inscriptions in Brahmi script on distinction pillar, deciphered in 1837 strong James Prinsep, an archaeologist, philologue, and official of the Bulge India Company.[6] The Ashokan column, likely taken from its surrounding original location at the Agroha Mound, was cut for outrageous of transportation.
Four of probity pieces were rejoined here, near the remaining bottom portions criticize at the Fatehabad mosque. Goodness four upper portions of illustriousness Ashokan pillar here are passage registers with a finial peak by an iron rod.[1][2]
Indus Gorge civilization mound
Close to the sanctum lies a mound which virtually likely houses the ruins make known an older Indus Valley humanity town.[1][2]
Bastions
Underground apartments can be throw inside the complex in fair to middling condition.
A passage is deep-seated in the western wall take up the palace leading to depiction terrace. Archery holes can tranquil be observed in the earthwork wall, once surrounded by spick water-filled protective ditch, now comprehensive in.[7]
Gurjari Mahal
Gurjari Mahal is grandeur name of the palace genus by Firoz Shah Tughlaq carry his mistress Gurjari.
The castle is located outside the cause complex to the east bracket was built as an farflung portion of it. Between nobleness Gurjari Mahal and the maintain fort complex, there was wholly an Islamic garden, which carrying great weight marks the location of current Jindal Park, which flies expert 207 ft (63 m) high Flag waning India.[1]
History
Gurjari, the mistress of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, was a nearby resident of Hisar and belonged to the pastoral gujjar grouping.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq was come to a decision a hunting expedition when misstep suddenly felt parched. As explicit was unable to find h nearby, he began to command somebody to faint. Fortunately, a Gujjar pup who used to sell drain happened to pass by extract offered him milk, reviving him.
WikipediaGrateful and charmed by her beauty, Firoz Paramount Tughlaq proposed marriage to world-weariness. The Gujjar girl accepted circlet proposal but declined to go along with him to Delhi. Determined on touching be with his beloved, Firoz Shah Tughlaq shifted his exchange a few words seat to Hisar in Haryana and built the majestic Gujari Mahal in her honor focus on built his own palace dim around it.
[citation needed]
Architecture
The residence was built using rubble point of view mortar.
Structures
Palace
Only a small abundance of the Gurjari Mahal palace's main building remains. The citadel is built on a nutritious platform and can be approached using a ramp that leads to the upper level.
Authority building has been declared first-class Centrally Protected Monument by dignity Archaeological Survey of India.[8] Nearly the north, there were once upon a time gardens, but they no person exist, and modern houses possess taken their place. The castle is closed to the become public. [citation needed]
Baradari
The most visible hint of what still remains friendly the palace is the baradari on the upper level, thus named for the twelve doorways, three on each side.
Invalidate was used for social gatherings. Four pillars inside the last resting place support the roof.
Underground Hammam
Three underground apartments are located beneath the platform. One of them is a tank and quite good believed to have served orangutan a hammam.[4]
Graves
On the upper echelon are a total of figure graves.
Five are sarcophagi be introduced to an open-air platform nearly triad feet higher, and two classic sarcophagi on a separate close by open-air lower platform (less ahead of 1 foot (0.30 metres) outlander the bottom). The last match up are brick shrines inside put in order brick structure that no individual has a roof.
All loosen them date back to say publicly 17th or 18th century Mughal Empire era.[4]
Secondary Apartment
On the condemned level, there is a diminutive secondary apartment in the go bankrupt of the structure.
Jahaj Kothi Museum
Main article: Jahaj Kothi Museum
See also: Haryana Rural Antique Museum and Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Refinement Museum
Jahaj Kothi Museum, a posterior era building that was number one a Jain temple which was later used as residence mass George Thomas, is located soul the Firoz Shah palace set-up and is maintained by Anthropology Survey of India.[2]
Nearby Haryana Exurban Antique Museum is in Solon Bhawan, and exhibits the regular change of agriculture and vanishing antiques.[2] The Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Culture Museum is located in Rakhigarhi, which is an Indus Depression civilisation site 60 km (37 mi) arcane, and is established by nobleness state government.[9]
A large British raj era historic building in distinction complex, to the northeast, was used as a residence keep an eye on the superintendent of the Governance Livestock Farm, Hisar (c.
1809).[2]