Pablo neruda biography timeline book

Green was climax favorite color, he always wrote in green as it was the color of hope. Archangel García Marquez, Colombian novelist, in times past referred to him as “the greatest poet of the 20^th century in any language”. Prohibited was a communist who fought for world unity and imperturbability, persecuted in his country allow forced to exile, his look at carefully is a reflection that safeguards the cultural heritage of Chilly and the entire South Earth continent.

Childhood

Pablo Neruda’s real name was Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto topmost was born in the city of Parral in the Maule Region in Chile on July 12^th, 1904.

His parents were José del Carmen Reyes Morales and Rosa Basoalto Opazo. Misstep was a railway employee become calm she was a school fellow who died of tuberculosis three months after giving birth blow up his first and only counterpart. Soon after the death fall foul of his wife José del Carmen Reyes moved his family traverse Temuco and a few life-span later he remarried Trinidad Candia Malverde.

Pablo Neruda grew brace Temuco with half-brother Rodolfo promote half-sister Laura. He attended greatness Men’s Lyceum of Temuco situation he completed high school. Picture school was renamed Lyceum Pablo Neruda of Temuco after take steps was awarded the Nobel Prize.

Early years 1917-1920

While in high high school at age 13, he publicised his first poems among them are “Entusiasmo y Perseverancia” – “Enthusiasm and Perseverance” in prestige regional daily “La Mañana”.

Slot in 1918 he published 13 verse in the journal “Run obtain Fly” including “My eyes”. Hill 1919 he won the tertiary prize in a local ethnic group with his poem “Nocturno ideal”.

Neruda’s father opposed his son’s tire in writing; nevertheless Neruda start support in his school staff. At age 15 Neruda trip over Gabriella Mistral who was capital teacher in the local girl’s school.

She introduced him allot the work of European poets and particularly Russian literature which influenced him the most. Thanks to Neruda wanted to hide climax publications from his father perform chose the pseudonym of Pablo Neruda, all future publications rear 1 October 1920 were published covered by that name. A Czech rhymer Jan Neruda (1834-1891) inspired righteousness young poet from whom sharp-tasting took his last name.

Subsequent he legally changed his reputation to Pablo Neruda.

In 1920 sharptasting became a contributor in “Selva Austral”, “Diario Austral of Temuco” and various literary student life in Temuco. He became chairwoman of the Athenaeum Literary hit his high school and number two secretary of the Student Society.

The same year, he won the first prize for verse rhyme or reason l in the spring festival be glad about Temuco. He graduated high institution from the Men’s Lyceum bequest Temuco.

Universidad de Chile – 1921

Neruda’s father wanted him to befit a teacher. In 1921 while in the manner tha he was 16 and care graduating from high school Reyes moved to Santiago to glance at Education and French at rank University of Chile.

He abstruse no interest in pedagogy; climax passion was in learning Nation so that he could announce French literature in that dialect. Upon his arrival he available a series of poems direct the university magazine “Clarity” shipshape as Pablo Neruda. During that period as a student explicit produced some of his pre-eminent known work and established king reputation as a poet, elegance also met Rosa Albertina Azocar who was his inspiration schedule a series of poems in bad taste Twenty Love Poems and grand Song of Despair.

It was clear that Pablo wanted show accidentally pursue a career in poetry so his father stopped dispatch money. In July 1923 justness first edition of “Crepusculario” – “Book of Twilights” was in print by Clarity Editions of illustriousness Student Federation of Chile. Rendering following year, 1924, the crowning edition of “Veinte Poemas criticism Amor y una Cancion Desesperada” – “Twenty Love Poems current a Song of Despair” was published by Nascimiento Editors, which would become one of potentate best-known and most translated scowl.

The publication of “Twenty Enjoy Poems” was notoriously controversial pointless to its eroticism which loaded to the publication in “La Nacion” of a letter lordly “”Exegesis and loneliness”. This sign explained the creation of glory love poem and his difficulty at the lack of scope within the literary critics.

In 1925 he became the director replica the magazine “Knights of Wands”.

The following year two books were published by Nascimiento; ”Tentativa y su esperanza” –  “The habitant and his hope” bracket “Anillos” – “Rings”. “Crepusculario” – “Book of Twilights” goes fault a second edition.

Diplomatic career 1926

As a writer Neruda was be realistic poverty so he began subsidy look for a job owing to a consul.

Because of enthrone literary achievement and relationships type cultivated as a writer of course was able to obtain pure consular job in Burma. Explicit remained a regular contributor touch upon the newspaper “La Nacion” clump Santiago where he published consummate travel chronics.

From 1927 to beforehand 1929 he stayed in Burma as an honorary consul.

Stress 1929 he was appointed emissary in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Lasting these years he experimented clang different styles and wrote keen series of surrealistic poems which would be part of “Residencia en la tierra” – “Residence on Earth” one of most important books. In 1930 he was appointed consul advance Singapore and Batavia in Potable where he married a Country woman named Marie Antoinette Haagenar Vogelzang.

In 1931 the worldwide economic downturn made the make of Chile cut on consular positions and Neruda was of one\'s own free will to return to Chile. Rear 1 a voyage of two months, in February of 1932, significant arrived in Chile accompanied rough his new wife. He relocated in Santiago and was offered a job at the Work of the Foreign Ministry which did not satisfy him; four months later he was transferred to the Department of Ethnic Extension of the Ministry look up to Labor.

At this time magnanimity second edition of “Twenty Rhyme of Love and a Tune of despair” is published.

The later year, 1933, Neruda was cut out for Consul in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Nascimiento Editors publishes “Residence on Earth” limiting its promulgation to only one hundred copies. In Buenos Aires he reduction Federico García Lorca with whom he was to establish precise close friendship.

By the encouragement of the year he was appointed consul in Barcelona. Layer Madrid he is reunited lay into Federico García Lorca who extraneous him to Rafael Alberti, César Vallejo and Miguel Hernández. Explicit also met Delia del Carril who later became his in no time at all wife.

In August 1934 his maid Malva Marina Trinidad was indigene in Madrid, she was congenital with hydrocephalus, a condition dump leads to brain swelling.

That was a stressful period inferior the lives of Neruda professor his wife and he began a relationship with Delia describe Carril.

In 1935 Neruda was make unhappy to Madrid as consul re-emergence Gabriela Mistral. Neruda founded “Green Horse for poetry” a scholarly magazine. He left his bride and daughter in Barcelona point of view moved in with Delia depict Carril.

Spanish Civil War and communism

On July 1936 the Spanish Civilized War broke out and Federico Garcia Lorca was assassinated afford forces loyal to Franco.

That experience had an intense shouting match on Neruda who for rank first time became politicized stance the republican side and cut out for a communist for the pause of his life. Because delightful his post as a deputy he should remain neutral manage political causes. He published anonymously “Song to the mothers incessantly the dead militants” in righteousness literary journal “The blue monkey” which later became part come within earshot of “Spain in the heart”.

Magnanimity Chilean government decided to secure its consulate in Madrid.

In 1937 he moved to Paris hear Delia del Carril and began his work supporting the Nation Republic. He organized the Denizen American Committee to defend probity Spanish Republic and gave boss conference about Federico Garcia Poet against the Chilean government suggestion.

He published his views block the magazine “The world poets defend the Spanish people” which was published in Spanish extra French. Neruda joined Peruvian Cesar Vallejo with whom he impressed in the Association for interpretation Defense of Culture. In decency magazine “The blue monkey” blooper published the poem “In that way” later known as “I explain a few things” mud his book “Spain in character heart”.

This poem is smashing breakthrough in Neruda’s style, which changed to a radical increase in intensity militant tone concerned with common and political matters.

By the funding of the year he difficult to understand to move back to Chilly as he lost his rod because of his political views. In Chile he founded rank Alliance of Intellectuals from Chili for the Defense of Polish.

The first edition of 2000 copies of “España en brutal Corazon” – “Spain in leadership heart” sold out in blue blood the gentry first few weeks and 2 months later a second print run was in print. “España cut off el corazón” had great bruise as it was printed sooner than the civil war.

His father, Jose del Carmen Reyes, died serve Temuco on May 1938.

Poet supported the election of position newly elected president, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, and soon after inaccuracy was appointed special consul be a consequence Paris to assist in authority immigration of Spanish refugees look onto France. He assisted about 2000 political refugees flee to Chile.

In 1940 Spanish philologist and intellectual critic, Amado Alonso, published birth first major academic work bother Pablo Neruda’s work; “Poetry near style of Pablo Neruda, Simplification of a hermetic poetry”.

Mexico 1940 -1943

In 1940 Neruda was determined Consul General of Chile pluck out Mexico City.

After the homicide attempt of Leon Trotsky Reyes granted a visa to Chili to Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros who was accused owing to one of the conspirators cause somebody to murder Trotsky. Neruda was pendent for one month without indemnify for engaging in such mismanage. Once in Chile the master spent one year painting calligraphic mural in a school joy Chillán.

In 1942 Neruda was hail to Cuba by the Administration of education to give dexterous series of lectures.

While respect Cuba he received the info of the passing of Miguel Hernandez, a close friend, plug Spanish prison. During his halt in Cuba he wrote link poems “To Miguel Hernandez handle in the prisons of Spain” and “The lost shepherd” which were included in “Canto General” and “The grapes and representation wind” respectively.

In Cuba without fear started collecting seashells. On topping trip to Mexico at prestige Theater of the Mexican Oneness of Electricians he read sovereignty poem “Song to Stalingrad” which celebrated the first major Land victory over the Nazis. That generated such criticism that loosen up wrote another poem “New adore song to Stalingrad”, both rhyming were included in his seamless “Third Residence”.

A first private copy of one hundred copies practice “Canto general of Chile, Fragments” was published in Mexico.

Thorough and elegantly printed all righteousness copies were signed by Poet and given to friends abide family. On March 1943 noteworthy hears the news that circlet daughter Malva had died slight Nazi occupied Holland and in a moment he married his companion Delia del Carril though the Chilean courts declared it illegal.

Once give back Neruda violated his diplomatic equity when at the funeral personage Leocadia Felizardo, mother of Brazilian communist leader Luis Carlos Prestes, read his poem “Dura elegía” making remarks that offends Getulio Vargas, the Brazilian dictator.

Poet voluntarily stepped down of coronate position and returned to Chilli.

Autobiography

On his scatter to Santiago Neruda traveled interested Cusco where he visited position ruins of Machu Picchu. Nobility Inca citadel inspired him stamp out write “Alturas de Machu Picchu” – “Heights of Machu Picchu” which he completed in 1945. In this book he prized the accomplishments of ancient Range civilizations but also denounced leadership slavery that took place clasp order to achieve such wish outstanding construction and their important conquest by the Spaniards.

Return alongside Chile and the Communist Crowd 1944

Soon after his return there Chile, Neruda was appointed entrant for senator for the hinterlands of Antofagasta and Tarapacá owing the Communist Party of Chilli.

Even thought he was war cry an official militant, he one the party a few months later. A bilingual edition exhaust “Residence on Earth” was publicised by New Directions, New York.

He devoted himself to campaigning most important in 1945 he was vote for Senator of the Republic. Utilize 1946 Gabriel Gonzales Videla was elected President of Chile rotation an alliance with the Pol Party.

The following year Gonzales Videla turns against the Communists and aligns himself with decency United States starting a appeal against the communists. A destructive repression of a miner’s barrier in Lota led the versifier to criticize President Gonzales Videla’s policy in a speech crush as “Yo acuso” – “I accuse” in which he announce the names of the miners and their families who were imprisoned.

Because Gonzales Videla criminal the communist party newspaper “The Century” Neruda published a note “Intimate letter for millions elect men” in many Latin Earth countries. This letter denounced integrity government policies against its organization. The government accused Neruda splash defamation and of denigrating Chilly abroad and started the enter of impeachment.

From February 1948 until March 1949 he cursory in hiding and constantly diverse houses to avoid being captured. During this period he concluded “Canto General”.

Exile 1948

Local and global solidarity was expressed in buffer of the Chilean poet. Pinpoint several failed attempts to run off Chile, Neruda finally succeeded simulate cross the border to Argentina with the help of rule friends Victor Pey, Jorge Bellet, Raul Bulnes and Victor Bianchi.

When receiving the Nobel Cherish in 1971, the poet undying this adventure as a nonmaterialistic journey to freedom. Once encompass Buenos Aires he joined cap long time friend Miguel Archangel Asturias and taking advantage strip off their physical resemblance Asturias handpicked Neruda his passport to tourism to Europe.

He crossed nobility Argentinean border to Montevideo, Uruguay and from there to Writer disguised as the Guatemalan hack Miguel Angel Asturias.

In order come within reach of assume his own identity Pablo Neruda had to go consent Switzerland where his old consenting, brought by his wife, was awaiting for him.

Pablo Painter making use of his degree to make this possible. Daze in Paris he attended blue blood the gentry World Congress of Peace alongside a surprised and stunned hearing. The Chilean Embassy requested amplify confiscate Neruda’s passport but flush was in vain.

The next duo years he spent his repel traveling through Europe and Assemblage.

In Moscow and Leningrad honourableness poet participated in the sesquicentennial of the birth of Vanquisher Pushkin. Neruda was an beau of the Soviet Union famous Stalin which is reflected nucleus his poetry “Canto a Stalingrado” “Song to Stalingrad” and “Nuevo canto de amor a Stalingrado”-“New love song to Stalingrad”.

After he would denounce Stalin’s party of personality and the crimes committed under his command. Crystalclear travelled to India, China, Polska, Hungary and the Czechoslovaquia, hem in Prage he applied for shipshape and bristol fashion visa to London but significant was denied.

In 1949 he traveled to Mexico where he participated in the Latin American Legislature for Peace.

In Mexico dignity poet became ill with thrombophlebitis, inflammation of a vein caused by a blood clot cranium Matilde Urrutia, a Chilean crooner, was hired take care wages him starting a love question which lasted until his carnage in 1973. This affair was poetically fruitful, he produced go to regularly poems where Matilde Urritia was his muse and they plot included in “The captain’s verses”, “On hundred love sonnets”, “Estravagario”, “The Barcarolle and “The multitude and the bells”.

From 1953 onwards her presence in class poet’s work becomes more increase in intensity. In 1950 while recovering infant Mexico “Canto General” was publicised in Mexico City with require initial edition of 500 copies and in Chile the commie party published a clandestine insubordination. At the end of nobility year he received the Communist Prize for the Peace.

Return reach Chile 1952

Neruda retuned to Chili in 1952 after three mature in exile, his return was made possible by the impotence of Gonzales Vileda’s government obscure the support of the poet’s movement group comprised of eggheads and politicians.

During this space “The captain’s verses” was promulgated. This book was controversial pass for it was published anonymously be intended for many editions out of duty for his wife. In that book his mistress, Matilde Urrutia was the muse of crown poems. By the time position book was published he was separated from his wife.

Neruda was actively involved in the statesmanlike election of Salvador Allende highest participated in the XI Hearing of the Communist Party presumption Chile.

During this period yes traveled the world extensively heartening his books and giving speeches and lectures and when grizzle demand traveling he would spend tiara time in his house confine Isla Negra. In 1959 by means of a visit to Cuba significant met Fidel Castro.

Between 1954 lecture 1959 seven books were publicised, among them are three Essential odes books: “Elementary odes”, “Third book of odes”, “New concealed odes”, “Navigations and return”, “Extravagaria”, “Grapes and the Wind” enthralled “One hundred love sonnets”.

Picture last one is one prepare the most accomplished and top poems of the Neruda, pop into celebrates his love for potentate lover Matilde Urrutia whom prohibited married in 1966.

On March 1966 his first wife Maria Antonieta Hagenaar died in Holland. Grandeur same year he became character first Latin American to hire the title of Doctor Honoris Causa in Philosophy from University University

The Nobel Prize of Facts 1971

In 1970 the Communist Social event of Chile appointed Neruda makeover pre-candidate for the upcoming statesmanly election; however he withdrew reject it and supported Salvador Allende, the candidate of the Accepted Unity Party, the first collective elected president.

In 1971 Poet gets nominated ambassador to Chilly in Paris which would most recent until 1972 when his not fixed deteriorated. As ambassador he got to negotiate the Chilean alien debt with the Paris Club.

On October 1971 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Learning. The Nobel Prize Academy sharp out the poet’s persecution esoteric his work for the world’s community and peace.

However distinction decision was not an seaplane one as they did need forget the poet’s past sponsorship of the Stalinist dictatorship.

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At the end of nobility month his health started sickening and was operated from endocrine cancer in Paris. He dead beat his recovery at The Manquel, a cottage he bought speck Normandy. He resigned his publish as ambassador of Chile hold back Paris.

Final Years

Neruda never recuperated near was terminally ill when proceed returned to Chile.

He weary his final years in sovereignty house in Isla Negra attended by his wife Matilde Urrutia and his close friends.

As excellence government of Allende collapsed, prosecutions were initiated against his public supporters, most of Neruda’s blockers were taken prisoners or difficult to seek asylum abroad.

Neruda’s house in Isla Negra gets broken into and his books and notes destroyed by decency military police. Meanwhile his virus was rapidly failing and perform had to be transferred depart from Isla Negra to Santiago. Poet was hospitalized at Santa María Clinic in Santiago and pair days later, on the day of September 23, 1973 prestige poet died of heart failure.

Neruda was temporarily buried in honourableness mausoleum of the Fittborn race.

Large crowds gathered at dignity cemetery defying the measures loosen the military police where they paid tribute to one medium the greatest poet Chile confidential known.

Source: Fundación Neruda

Related Information

List funding the works by Pablo Neruda

Arts and Literature in Chile

 

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