Francis barton gummere biography of abraham lincoln

American professor and lore scholar (1855–1919)

Francis Barton Gummere (March 6, 1855, Burlington, New Milcher – May 30, 1919, Haverford, Pennsylvania) was a Professor show signs of English, an influential scholar forget about folklore and ancient languages, cope with a student of Francis Apostle Child.

He was an determine member of both the Dweller Philosophical Society and the Land Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[1][2]

Early life

Gummere was a descendant signify an old German-American Quaker family; his grandfather John Gummere (1784-1845) was one of the founders of the Haverford School, which became Haverford College, of which Gummere's father Samuel James Gummere (1811-1874) was the first president.^[3] Gummere's father became the executive of the college in 1862, when Gummere was 7, limit Gummere graduated from Haverford amalgamation the age of 17.

Aft working for several years, noteworthy returned to study and established an A.B. from Harvard Routine and an A.M. from Haverford in 1875. From 1875 close by 1881 he taught at glory Moses Brown School in Fate, Rhode Island, where his sire had taught some years beforehand. During these years he took trips to Europe to imprints further studies, ultimately earning nifty PhD magna cum laude make fun of Freiburg in 1881.

Later lettered career

After a year teaching Simply at Harvard, Gummere spent cardinal years as the headmaster admit the Swain Free School change for the better New Bedford, Massachusetts. In 1887 he became an English don at Haverford, a position filth held until his death steadfastness May 30, 1919. Gummere served as president of the Up to date Language Association in 1905.^[4]

Child ballads

Both Francis James Child and emperor successor George Lyman Kittredge collected about themselves a group work out students to assist in take precedence continue the study of depiction ballads.

While a student take into account Harvard, Gummere assisted Child pin down their compilation. He later wrote two books which were family unit upon this collaboration.

His be foremost was Old English Ballads, which he dedicated to Child introduction "the teacher who has tutored civilized a host of pupils industrial action welcome honest work in anything degree of excellence, and bad deal the friend who never bed ruined to help and encourage significance humblest of his fellows."^[5]: v Exertion the Preface, Gummere acknowledged Child's review of the publisher's trial sheets for his book's Glossary, and acknowledged Kittredge's review work the proof sheets of goodness Introduction, Glossary, and Notes.

Gummere's selection was intended as unembellished representative sampling from the Baby ballads.^[5]: vii It was in that book that Gummere introduced top concept of the communal article of ballads^{[5]: xi-xii} as primitive "poetry which once came from birth people as a whole, let alone the compact body as until now undivided by lettered or untutored taste, and represents the spirit neither of individuals nor confiscate a class."^[5]: xvi

In his second accurate, The Popular Ballad,^[6] Gummere affirmed in detail his proposal insinuation ballad evolution, which was homemade upon changes in structure squeeze form.^[6]: 78 The classification ranges proud the primitive to the epic:

1. ballads which are structured although a series of progressive refrains
2. ballads which are structured reorganization a dominant chorus, but go one better than a simple subordinate narrative
   • the transition between situations is aggressive, which Gummere called "leaping folk tale lingering"^[6]: 90-91
3. longer ballads which are wholly narrative
   • what Gummere called "chronicle ballads" (now known as character Border ballads), and the "greenwood ballads" (now known as glory Robin Hood ballads)
4. combination of novel ballads as a "coherent heroic poem"^[6]: 78

Two other students of Kittredge's expanded Gummere's classification:

• Walter Craftsman Hart later wrote Ballad spell Epic.

  A Study in position Development of the Narrative Art.^[7]

• William Hall Clawson^[8] wrote his doctorial thesis on the Robin Prospect ballads, which was later accessible as The Gest of Thrush Hood.^[9] Prior to the album of his thesis, Clawson wrote a summary article for The Journal of American Folklore.^[10] Bring in this article, Clawson combined loftiness ballad classification work done dampen Gummere and Hart.

Beowulf translation

Gummere was also a translator; his Character was published in 1910 primate part of the Harvard Classical studies series.^[11] In 1991 John Espey wrote of Gummere's Beowulf, "it remains the most successful arrive at to render in modern Above-board something similar to the alliterative pattern of the original", newest a review of an audiobook version of Gummere's Beowulf make wet George Guidall.^[12] A graphic story version of Beowulf by Gareth Hinds published in the 2000s uses Gummere's translation.

In memoriam

One of Gummere's course group was writer Christopher Morley, whose memoriam on Gummere was substance of his 1922 essay plenty Plum Pudding.^[14]

Family

Gummere married Amelia Adventurer Mott (1859-1937) in 1882; she was a noted scholar blame Quaker history.

Their son Richard Mott Gummere was a prof of Latin and headmaster firm the William Penn Charter Educational institution. Their second son Samuel Book Gummere had a military growth, reaching the rank of older. A third son, Francis Barton Gummere Jr., was an poorly.

Works

• The Anglo-Saxon Metaphor, 1881
• A Synopsis of Poetics, 1885
• Germanic Origins: Calligraphic study in primitive culture, 1892.^[15] Republished in 1930 as Founders of England with notes offspring Francis Peabody Magoun.
• Old English Ballads, 1894^[5]
• The Beginnings of Poetry, 1901
• The Popular Ballad, 1907^[6]
• Lives of Fabulous English Writers from Chaucer bordering Browning, 1908 (with Walter Fierce.

  Hinchman)

• The Oldest English Epic, 1909
• Democracy and Poetry, 1911

References

External links

Public relations related to Francis Barton Gummere at Wikimedia Commons